a paper for freshers

Linux : (Freshers) Paper 1

1. In Linux, how can you only see the first 14 lines of a file?

2. In Linux, what can you type at a command line to determine which shell you are using?

3. In Linux, what is the command to list ALL (hidden also) files of current directory & it’s subdirectories?

4. List out some popular linux distributions



Ans )
1. head -n 14
2. echo $SHELL
3. ls -Ra
4. fedora, redhat, ubuntu, suse


Networking : (freshers )

1. what is an ip address and what is the use of it?

2. Explain the 7 layers of OSI model with real time example?



Ans :
1. IP (Internet Protocol address) is a unique address and identifies the computers on a network.

2. OSI 7 LAYERS 1)PHYSICAL LAYER 2)DATALINK LAYER 3)NETWORK LAYER 4)TRANSPORT LAYER 5)SESSOIN LASYER 6)APPICATION LAYER 7)PRESENTION LAYER




Web : (freshers)

1. What does HTML stand for?

2. What does CSS stand for?

3. What does PHP stand for?

4. What does SQL stand for?

5. Which SQL statement is used to extract data from a database?


Ans :
1. Hyper Text Markup Language
2. Cascading Style Sheets
3. PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
4. Structured Query Language
5. SELECT statement